Indiana Bar Exam Essay Topics - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesnt

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Essay Topics About Normal Things in Life

Essay Topics About Normal Things in LifeCollege essay topics about normal things in life are perfect for students who have a natural talent for writing. There are some easy to write college essay topics about normal things that include celebrities, cooking, sports, vacations, etc. But it's crucial to find good college essay topics to increase your chances of being awarded the degree you want.An essay will earn you credit for an assignment if you can find essay topics about normal things. It doesn't matter what you decide to write on the topic. Even if it's something as trivial as cooking a meal, it will still count for points. Some examples of topics could be:Of course the topics you choose for your essay should be related to the subject you're studying in school, but you can also consider other things as well. A vacation is one of the easiest ways to express your feelings on a specific topic.Essay topics about normal things also go with a specific academic or degree you may be pursu ing. For example, if you are pursuing a college education, it would be the best idea to write about something very real and practical. If you're planning to take your psychology studies to the next level, go for topics that relate to your future career.Some tips on writing essays about normal things in life include having proper grammar and a clear idea of the topic you're writing about. Aside from that, you also need to ensure the topic of your essay would still be considered appropriate by the person grading your essay. Furthermore, you have to remember not to exaggerate any information if you are writing about a very personal topic.Use the information you gathered from conversations and other sources to provide you with first-hand knowledge on how people's opinions affect their way of life. You have to bear in mind, there's no one who can be called an expert on every topic out there. In fact, there's no such thing as experts on every topic out there!Make sure the topic you're goi ng to write about would be interesting and that you would have the ability to follow up on it later. The essay should be based on solid research and analysis. When you have a concrete idea about the topic, it will be easier for you to write about it.College essay topics about normal things are the key to getting into graduate school. It doesn't matter what topic you choose, just make sure that the topic of your essay is always relevant to the topic you're researching.

Why You Should Get Professional Writing Service For Term Papers

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The Congress of Vienna - 1774 Words

The Congress of Vienna was an international conference that was convened with the purpose of remaking Europe after the demise of Napoleon I. The main purpose was to preserve peace by creating a balance of power, sometimes known as realpolitik. Diplomats were sent from Prussia, Russia, France, and Great Britain, along with many other countries. Because it was held in Austria, a prominent Austrian diplomat was present to preside over the congress. He had a great influence on the gathering, because his was the host country. Some of the accomplishments of the congress included: Switzerland being declared neutral, the Dutch Republic becoming united with the Austrian Netherlands to form the Netherlands under the House of Orange, and the French†¦show more content†¦This is where the phrase Le Congrà ©s ne marche pas; Il danse. (The Congress does not walk, it dances)2 came from. There were, however, many issues addressed during the Congress of Vienna. In the time before the Congres s, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars erased the former structure of Europe. The job of the Congress was to restore peace. The principle of legitimacy was often involved, but it really didnt have any power behind it. Its purpose was to achieve a balance of power that directed the Congress decisions. This led to many alliances, such as the one between Talleyrand, Metternich, and Casltereagh. They wanted to stop Russia and Prussia from gaining more power (Russia was attempting to gain power by annexing Poland and Prussia by gaining Saxony). They all agreed to go to war, if needed, to stop the Russo-Prussian plan. It is interesting to think that the basic idea of the Congress of Vienna was to create peace, but there were three of its delegates, entirely ready and willing to go to war when something wasnt going their way. This was because Metternich, Talleyrand, and Castlereagh, wanted peace, but - as was said earlier - on their own terms. This event brings to light the fact that most of the delegates, while agreeing with the idea of unity and peace for all, were concerned about their own countries welfare first and foremost. During this time, many territories were adjusted. In place of the out-of-date HolyShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Vienna Congress791 Words   |  4 Pages The Vienna Congress, which brought together all the major European powers of the time, led on 9 June 1815 to the signing of the final act of the Congress of Vienna, a document of one hundred and twenty-one articles written in three hundred leaflets throwing the foundations of a new order. Among the innovations agreed in Vienna were new rules governing diplomatic relations, such as the official titles given to the various categories of State representatives and the precedence of States in alphabeticalRead MoreThe Triumph of the Congress of Vienna Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Congress of Vienna was a series of conferences held in Vienna, from 1814-1815. In which many European heads of government met to establish long-lasting piece, preventing revolution and any other nations from becoming to powerful, on the European continent after the defeat of Napoleon. Even though many countries came together to discus an issue, â€Å"the Congress of Vienna was more successful than many othe r peace meetings in history† (Beck, 241). The most influential of these representatives wasRead MoreImpact of the Congress of Vienna (1815)3165 Words   |  13 Pagesmarche pas; il danse (the Congress does not work; it dances) was often seen as the most accurate summary of the events taking place during the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Beneath the faà §ade of all the reveling, this gathering of diplomats marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the turmoil they wrought on Europe, reshaping the order and structure of the continent in its legacy. With Austria, Great Britain, France, Prussia, and Russia playing the lead roles in the Congress while the rest of the worldRead MoreThe Balance of Power and the Congress of Vienna2635 Words   |  11 PagesThe Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) No event epitomizes the state of Europe in the wake of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars as well as the Congress of Vienna held between 1814-1815. The culmination of centuries of European political tradition, the Congress was in many ways the last gasp of monarchy in Europe, as the royal houses tried to restore the Europe they once knew and ensure that their way of politics and society would be sustained even in the face of the radical wave ofRead MoreWhy Was Italy Not Unified After the Congress of Vienna (1815)?640 Words   |  3 PagesBefore the Congress of Vienna the French occupation had far reaching affects on Italy. The power of the Church and the Pope was reduced, changes were made in landownership and land was redistributed. A new middle class began to appear. Agriculture was improved and the peasants were freed from their old feudal ties and obligations. Then when Napoleon was defeated and the restoration of the old regime and monarchs was started, Italy again became a country divided into eleven independent states, excludingRead MoreDiscuss How Nationalism Spread Across Europe with Napoleon but Was Repressed for a Generation Under the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe Until the Revolutions of 1848876 Words   |  4 Pagesmeetings called the Congress of Vienna. The purpose was to establish long lasting peace and stability in Europe. It was scheduled to last four weeks but went on for eight months. The most influential member of this group was the foreign minister of Austria, Prince Klemens von Metternich. Like most European aristocrats, he disagreed with what he felt were Napoleon’s experiments with democracy in the French Revolution. Metternich had three goals at the Congress of Vienna. First he wanted toRead MoreVienna Settlement903 Words   |  4 Pages1 Fourth History Test: How far did the Vienna Settlement contribute to maintaining the peace in Europe in the period 1815-1914? The Vienna Settlement refers to a series of agreements made by the European powers at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. As the peace terms with France had already been decided by the Treaty of Paris (signed earlier on May 30, 1814), the Congress of Vienna was mainly concerned with solving the problems brought about by the Napoleonic wars. To solve these problems, the fourRead MoreWhat Challenges Did The Peacemakers At Vienna Face And How Effective Were Their Solutions?1617 Words   |  7 PagesWhat challenges did the peacemakers at Vienna face and how effective were their solutions? Charles Stewart, half-brother to Castlereagh –the principle British diplomat to the Congress of Vienna wrote ‘if we consider the power of Russia†¦what may we not fear from her?’ in response to the situation of high tension created in the Congress of Vienna. The peacemakers at Vienna had two major aims; to main a ‘balance of power’ throughout Europe, and to prevent France from ever reaching the level of powerRead MoreThe Power Of The Great Powers Of Great Britain1650 Words   |  7 Pagesin 1814, the Congress of Vienna convened to discuss the post-Napoleonic situation. Using Europe as essentially a blank slate on which to create their own balance of power, the great powers of Britain, Prussia, Austria and Russia (with France, the defeated power, playing a minor role) re-drew the map. At many points during negotiations, various powers threatened the use of force, and it seemed that some questions cannot be resolved diplomatically power. However, the Congress of Vienna ended peacefullyRead MoreChapter 21: Reaction, Revolution and Romanticism 1815-1850845 Words   |  4 Pagesthis Quadruple Alliance restored the Bourbon monarchy to France in the person of Louis XVIII and agreed to meet at a congress in Vienna in September 1814 to arrange a final peace settlement. II. The leader of the Congress of Vienna was the Austrian foreign minister, Prince Klemens von Metternich. The Principle of Legitimacy I. Metternich claimed that he was guided at Vienna by the principle of legitimacy. B. To reestablish peace and stability in Europe, he considered it necessary to

Legal Aspects of International Trade

Question: Discuss about the Legal Aspects of International Trade. Answer: Introduction This essay presents an analysis of business and corporations law by examining the various general functions and impacts of the law on conglomerates. The purpose of this paper is identifying a multinational company with its operations in Australia with the aim of unpacking the regulatory frameworks the company operates within. The paper also examines the impact of the various laws of Australia on the multinational company. This study is divided into three segments. The first part of the paper provides a brief description of the chosen company including the industry, within which the company operates, the global and Australian number of staff, and the location of the conglomerates global headquarters. The second part of the paper identifies and discusses the regulatory framework affecting the company in Australia and how it affects the company. The final part of the study presents a discourse of the impact of international conventions, agreements and treaties on the multinational compa nys products and services. The researcher chose BHP Billiton for the purposes of the above-described discourse. BHP Billiton BHP Billiton is one of the biggest global producers of key products such as uranium, copper, metallurgical coal, and iron ore. The company also has substantial interests in energy coal, oil and gas (BHP Billiton Limited 2016, p.1). Although the company falls within the overarching mining industry, this paper focuses mainly on the petroleum aspect of the multinational conglomerate. As such, the company falls within the Australian oil and gas industry. Furthermore, the oil and gas industry is heavily regulated with numerous law regimes in the six territories of Australia. Therefore, the extent of this present paper is not sufficient to cover the whole breadth of the regulatory framework of this industry. This paper, hence, provides a general review of the national and international regulatory frameworks and their impacts on the multinational company. BHP Billiton is majorly involved in the extraction and processing of oil, gas and minerals from their production operations, which are mainly located in the Americas and Australia. The companys global headquarters are located in Melbourne, Australia. The structure of the multinational company is Dual Listed, having two parent companies conducted as a singular economic entity. The companys management and Board are run in a unified manner. BHP Billiton has a worldwide staff of over 65,000 employees and contractors working in over 91 locations in different countries (BHP Billiton Limited 2016, p.38). As of June 2016, the company had 26,827 Australian employees and this figure is inclusive of all the employees within the subsidiaries controlled by the company (Ibisworld.Com.Au 2016). The company makes resource discoveries through Greenfield and Brownfield exploration and also considers divestment and acquisition opportunities to enhance their portfolio. In developing their options, the company then conducts evaluation, planning and investment in infrastructure and utilizes a rigorous and robust process in decision making (BHP Billiton Limited 2016, p.12). The preceding is the followed by extraction, processing as well as transportation of the products. With regard to the logistical and marketing design, the company manages distribution of their products via a global chain that includes pipelines and freight transportation. The sale of the companys products is then conducted via direct supply agreements. The company makes government payments that total up to US$3.7 billion, US$178.7 million in social investment, US$3.6 billion on employees, US$5.2 billion on shareholders and US$14.0 billion to suppliers. The total economic contribution of the multinational company amounts to US$26.7 billion (BHP Billiton Limited 2016, p.12). Among the countries within which the multinational corporation operates includes the United States, Pakistan, Chile, Algeria, the UK, Peru, Canada, Colombia, Malaysia, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, and Brazil. Australian Regulatory Frameworks Affecting BHP Billiton The Government of Australia acknowledges the significance and necessity of a regulatory framework to keep up with the developments in the financial market. The Government of Australia accomplished in 2001, major reform of the Corporations law and the aim of the said reform was to streamline regulation while keeping with investor protection and market integrity (PWC 2017). It is noteworthy that the Constitution of Australia confers powers upon the Federal Parliament to legislate on maters taxation, foreign investment and international trade. The following is a brief outline of the regulatory frameworks within Australia that affect BHP Billiton, which is registered in the United Kingdom. With regard to foreign investment, the Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) is the body charged with the duty of examining foreign persons proposals for undertaking direct investments in the country (PWC 2017). The non-statutory board makes recommendations to the Australian Government as to whether the corporations satisfy the requirements of the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (FATA) and the Foreign Investment Policy of the Government. A foreign person can either be a corporation or a natural individual that holds a substantial interest. A substantial foreign interest is where the corporation owns over 15 percent of the voting or ownership rights. BHP Billiton is, hence, a multinational company that is subject to the FIRB and FATA approval. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) is the body responsible for incorporating companies and a corporation such as BHP would then be issued with an Australian Company Number (ACN). Foreign companies are required by law to establish a subsidiary Australian company. The general law that governs companies in Australia is the Corporations Act 2001. The Act contains provisions with respect to Australian branches, incorporation, among other business related provisions of corporations. For the purposes of direct income tax, a company is an Australian resident if it is either incorporated within the country or if not, carries on business in Australia. BHP Limited is therefore liable for payment of a 30 percent corporate tax of all it global assessable income (PWC 2017, p.22). BHP Billiton is also subject to incentives for capital investments issued by the government. For capital expenditures that were incurred on petroleum exploration after 14th May 2013, deductions on 15 years or less are applicable. However, mining rights costs that were directly acquired from the government are subject to an outright deduction. With regard to indirect tax, multinational or foreign corporations are liable for stamp duty and land taxes. Furthermore, a company such as BHP is liable for payroll tax, which is the tax that is levied upon employers on salaries made to employees and contractors. Moreover, this tax is exacted regardless of the source of employee payments either local or foreign payroll (PWC 2017, p.22). This tax is charged at rates ranging from 4.75% - 6.85%. By virtue of the provisions of the Customs Act 1901, a general 5 percent duty tax is payable for importation and exportation of goods into Australia. The goods and services of BHP Billiton are furthermore subject to a 10 percent Goods and Services Tax (GST). This tax is also payable during importation at the same rate. Petroleum Resource Rent Tax is also payable by companies in the Oil and Gas industry, charged at a rate of 30 percent on projects of over 30 million barrels (Minter 2013, p.11). BHP Billiton is also subject to the Taxation of Foreign Arrangements (TOFA) rules. Those rules prescribe ways of timing and recognizing foreign exchange losses and gains for the purposes of taxation. TOFA rule are applicable to foreign currency bank accounts. Multinational corporations are also affected by Australian employment laws such as the Fair Work Act 2009. The legislation contains numerous provisions important to BHP and among them includes the Minimum National Wage and the National Employment Standards. Other work related regulations that impact BHP Billiton include occupational health and safety legislation (mostly based on a unified regime) and the Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992. The Superannuation law, for instance, requires employers to contribute certain amounts to their employees, failure to which the employers become liable of paying a charge. With regard to the offshore petroleum industry, the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 and its accompanying regulations provides the internal regulatory framework within the commonwealth waters. That Act provides for power sharing between the states and the government. Treaties, Conventions and Agreements that Impact on BHP Billitons Products and Services There are several treaties and conventions that impact the mining industry in general. However, this paper focuses on the Conventions, Treaties and Agreements that impact the Oil and Gas Industry in Australia. Scholars argue that the sheer influence, modus operandi and organizational structure of multinational corporations make them immune to conventional regulation methods (Deva 2004, p.39). In this regard, the international community still grapples with whether to adopt a home state or host state legal responsibility. With respect to regulation, debates are presented as to who conducts the regulation, which institution enforces and how regulations should be enforced against the corporations that fail to adhere to regulations. In general, regulation of multinational corporations can either be internal, external or both. Against this backdrop, the following section presents a brief overview of the international conventions, treaties and agreements that impact the oil and gas industry. By virtue of Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, international conventions, customs and principles form part of municipal law. Accordingly, all conventions to which Australia is a party, will be binding upon all corporations incorporated within Australia. Furthermore, following the arguments in the preceding paragraph, all international treaties to which the host countries of BHP are a party are binding upon the multinational company. It is significant to note that Australia is a dualist state and this means that treaties are applied indirectly in national law and not directly. Treaties must be ratified by Parliament before they can form part of municipal law (Sloss 2011, p.4). Courts can also utilize judicial power to protect the rights of parties that are based on treaties. Since BHP Billiton is registered in England and Wales with its registered offices in Australia, it is bound by the treaties to which Australia is a party. However, even in the absenc e of incorporation of conventions, courts have determined that in certain instances, officials may take into account the provisions of international agreements (Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh 1995). Treaties and Conventions The overarching international convention with regard to oil spills is the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea. It provides the rights and duties of states in authorizing and regulating oil production and exploration (Allen 2011, p.90). Australia ratified that treaty in 1994. The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 is another treaty that establishes liability and compensation mechanisms in the event of oil spills from tankers ratified by the Protection of the Sea (Civil Liability) Act 1981. The International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 is also a convention that provides for the contribution of oil companies in compensation of costs incurred as a result of oil spills. It was ratified by the Protection of the Sea (Oil Pollution Compensation Fund) Act 1993. Agreements The Australia United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) is an agreement that impacts multinational organizations with respect to foreign investment. Under that agreement, the United States is an investor even if the entity itself is not US-based but carries on business there. The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North Atlantic 1992 (OSPAR Convention) is a Regional Agreement applicable in the North East Atlantic region. Article 35 expressly deals with oils spills. Conclusion This paper has discussed the internal and external regulatory framework of the oil and gas industry in light of BHP Billiton Limited. It is clear that enforcing international law on multinational companies, however, is difficult due to the challenges expressed in the paper. However, the internal regulations of multinational companies, as discussed, are robust and formidable. References Cases Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1995) 128 ALR 353 Statutes Fair Work Act 2009 Australia Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 Australia (Cth) Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 Australia (Cth) Protection of the Sea (Civil Liability) Act 1981 (Cth) Protection of the Sea (Oil Pollution Compensation Fund) Act 1993 Australia (Cth) The Corporations Act 2001 Australia (Cth) The Customs Act 1901 Australia The Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992 Australia (Cth) Treaties Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia United States Free Trade Agreement, entry into force January 1, 2005 [2005] ATS 1, accessed April 20, 2017, https://www.info.dfat.gov.au/Info/Treaties/treaties.nsf/AllDocIDs/7DED2CE49FDACEC5CA256EAF00277EF4. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North Atlantic 1992, adopted 22 September 1992, 2354 UNTS 67 1993 (entered into force 25 March 1998) (OSPAR Convention) International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 as amended in 2002 with effect from 2003 973 UNTS 3 (entered into force 19 June 1975). International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 (Fund Convention). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, opened for signature 10 December 1982, 1833 UNTS 3 (entered into force 16 November 1994) (UNCLOS) Other Sources Allen, J., 2011. A Global Oil Stain-Cleaning Up International Conventions for Liability and Compensation for Oil Exploration/Production.Austl. NZ Mar. LJ,25, p.90. BHP Billiton Limited, 2016,BHP Billiton Annual Report. Annual Report 2016. Melbourne, viewed 20 April 2017, https://www.bhpbilliton.com/media-and-insights/reports-and-presentations/2016/09/2016-annual-reporting-suite. Deva, S., 2004. Acting Extraterritorially to Tame Multinational Corporations for Human Rights Violations: Who Should Bell the Cat.Melb. J. Int'l L.,5, p.37. Ibisworld.Com.Au 2016, BHP Billiton Limited Retail viewed 20 April 2016, https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/mining/bhp-billiton-limited-company.html Minter, Ellison 2013, Oil and Gas in Australia and New Zealand, viewed 20 April 2017, https://www.minterellison.com/files/Uploads/OilandGas_FB/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf. PWC n.d., Doing business in Australia: An introductory guide, viewed 20 April 2017, https://www.pwc.de/de/internationale-maerkte/assets/doing-business-in-australia.pdf. Sloss, D 2011, Domestic Application of Treaties.

A Primer on the Price Elasticity of Demand

A Primer on the Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand (sometimes referred to simply as price elasticity or elasticity of demand) measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a price. The formula for price elasticity of demand (PEoD) is: PEoD (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Price) (Note that price elasticity of demand is different from the slope of the demand curve, even though the slope of the demand curve also measures the responsiveness of demand to price, in a way.) 2:48 Watch Now: How Does Price Elasticity of Demand Work? Calculating the Price Elasticity of Demand You may be asked the question Given the following data, calculate the price elasticity of demand when the price changes from $9.00 to $10.00. Using the chart on the bottom of the page, well walk you through answering this question. (Your course may use the more complicated Arc Price Elasticity of Demand formula. If so, youll need to see the article on Arc Elasticity) First, well need to find the data we need. We know that the original price is $9 and the new price is $10, so we have Price(OLD)$9 and Price(NEW)$10. From the chart, we see that the quantity demanded when the price is $9 is 150 and when the price is $10 is 110. Since were going from $9 to $10, we have QDemand(OLD)150 and QDemand(NEW)110, where QDemand is short for Quantity Demanded. Thus we have: Price(OLD)9Price(NEW)10QDemand(OLD)150QDemand(NEW)110 To calculate the price elasticity, we need to know what the percentage change in quantity demand is and what the percentage change in price is. Its best to calculate these one at a time. Calculating the Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded The formula used to calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded is: [QDemand(NEW) - QDemand(OLD)] / QDemand(OLD) By filling in the values we wrote down, we get: [110 - 150] / 150 (-40/150) -0.2667 We note that % Change in Quantity Demanded -0.2667 (We leave this in decimal terms. In percentage terms this would be -26.67%). Now we need to calculate the percentage change in price. Calculating the Percentage Change in Price Similar to before, the formula used to calculate the percentage change in price is: [Price(NEW) - Price(OLD)] / Price(OLD) By filling in the values we wrote down, we get: [10 - 9] / 9 (1/9) 0.1111 We have both the percentage change in quantity demand and the percentage change in price, so we can calculate the price elasticity of demand. Final Step of Calculating the Price Elasticity of Demand We go back to our formula of: PEoD (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Price) We can now fill in the two percentages in this equation using the figures we calculated earlier. PEoD (-0.2667)/(0.1111) -2.4005 When we analyze price elasticities were concerned with their absolute value, so we ignore the negative value. We conclude that the price elasticity of demand when the price increases from $9 to $10 are 2.4005. How Do We Interpret the Price Elasticity of Demand? A good economist is not just interested in calculating numbers. The number is a means to an end; in the case of price elasticity of demand it is used to see how sensitive the demand for a good is to a price change. The higher the price elasticity, the more sensitive consumers are to price changes. A very high price elasticity suggests that when the price of a good goes up, consumers will buy a great deal less of it and when the price of that good goes down, consumers will buy a great deal more. A very low price elasticity implies just the opposite, that changes in price have little influence on demand. Often an assignment or a test will ask you a follow-up question such as Is the good price elastic or inelastic between $9 and $10. To answer that question, you use the following rule of thumb: If PEoD 1 then Demand is Price Elastic (Demand is sensitive to price changes)If PEoD 1 then Demand is Unit ElasticIf PEoD 1 then Demand is Price Inelastic (Demand is not sensitive to price changes) Recall that we always ignore the negative sign when analyzing price elasticity, so PEoD is always positive. In the case of our good, we calculated the price elasticity of demand to be 2.4005, so our good is price elastic and thus demand is very sensitive to price changes. Data Price Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied $7 200 50 $8 180 90 $9 150 150 $10 110 210 $11 60 250

Who Invented White People Free Informative Essay Sample

Who Invented White People Free Informative Essay Sample and tradition of protest that was amplified by the Civil Rights Movements and urban rebellions. The stories by Wright and Jay illustrate the historical sequence of events; the authors complement each other. In other words, those battered blacks depicted by Wright later claimed to be victims of white civilization, as portrayed by Jay. Wright, using personal narrative style, clearly illustrates that blacks had suffered great injustice. He notes that slaves in the past and second rate citizens, blacks had suffered every type of cruelty, exploitation, and injustice. In turn, Jay argues that their moral claim against America and its government was not restricted to a given abuse or a fixed period of time and correspondingly could not be compensated or indemnified with a fixed sum of money by payment to a definite number of victims. The heart of their moral claim for special and preferential legislation was their innocence and the wrong they had suffered at white hands. Whipped, raped, lynched, families split apart and sold at auction blocks-they had everything taken from them. The linkage of blacks to victim status made blackness and victimization status virtually synonymous. Black identity was a moral identity; it was a righteous suffering owed. Blacks became the typical victims. Blacks hold a special place in the liberation theories. Jay states that in contemporary world, blacks invite white society to join them in doing what is right. They permit whites to form a mutual moral community with them. Together they would suffer and sacrifice for the good. Yet, in the course of the 1960s, especially after the death of Martin Luther King in the spring of 1968, much black rhetoric became exclusionary. Advocates of black power, the Black Muslims, and others argued that blacks were a unique and separate people unto themselves. In the name of their past suffering under slavery and its consequences, they indicted white society universally. The most extreme interpretations against white society were global and violent, and all discussion of black violence and black racism of black against black were sharply suppressed. Jay argues that racism is still present in the contemporary America The author explain that too often in America, we talk about race as if it were only something that people of color have, or only something we need to talk about when we talk about African Americans or Asian Americans or American Indians or Latino Americans (para 4). The society does not accept African American beliefs and style of life, constantly questioning their indigenous tradition. To continue, Wright laid the path, which was later followed by such authors as Jay. After careful analysis of his article, Who Invented White People? it becomes apparent that the impact of the Civil Rights Movement on fundamental social patterns proved to be limited; the campaign did not revitalize the many ghetto neighborhood in the country. Yet this result cannot be fully understood without referring to the many powerful forces that spun these communities into a downward spiral. The situation depicted by Wright when black people were prohibited even from reading illustrates the degree of tension that was increasing at the beginning of 60s. Furthermore, as different industries shut down ghetto people lost their traditional jobs Fewer jobs and less income destabilized the already weak social structure of the ghetto. As the black middle class fled these declining regions, the impoverished became packed together, isolated from the mainstream. Even true followers of the movement, despite their good intentions and the considerable power they had, failed to reverse these trends. Ironically, perhaps the most fundamental contribution of the Civil Rights Movement to this broader process has been to accelerate the opening of more communities to blacks, which ultimately hastened the flight of the black middle class from inner-city neighborhoods. Jay shows that the rise of local leaders marked a number of important developments, rooted in individual states, but with national consequences. Yet when Martin Luther King and his followers launched the Civil Rights Movement, they strived for a more immediate impact on American race relations. They hoped to spur a full-scale assault on enduring and pervasive racial injustice. In conclusion, it may be noted that Jay and Wrights works are very similar in nature, yet differ in rhetoric and narration style. Furthermore, the authors lived during different times, which influenced their realization of the processes depicted in these works. The era of 1960s and 1970s was a time when young people from ethnic and mainstream groups in various parts of the country sought to express their hopes for the liberty. In the history of the U.S., no other era embodies the rise of youthful self-conscious idealism. Young white Americans participated in a process, which they expressed in art and in politics. Even though, Jay rightfully claims that blacks are far from celebrating their victory in the war against injustice and discrimination, it is clear that those times depicted by Writing are long gone and are unlikely to ever return. Hence, the progress has been achieved and blacks did not fight in vain.